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Russian Revolution
Russian Revolution
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# The Causes of the Russian Revolution ## Why did the Romanov Empire collapse? 🇷🇺 - A mix of **long-term problems** and **short-term crises** - Economic hardship, political repression, war, and social unrest all built pressure - By 1917, the government had lost the trust of many Russians --- ## Long-term causes - **Autocracy:** the Tsar held almost total power - **Inequality:** nobles owned much of the land while peasants struggled - **Industrialization:** rapid growth created poor working conditions in cities - **Lack of reform:** change was slow, limited, and often resisted --- ## Autocracy and political repression - Tsar Nicholas II ruled without real democracy - Opposition groups were censored, arrested, or exiled - The Duma existed, but had very limited power - Many people wanted a government that listened to them --- ## Land, poverty, and inequality - Most Russians were peasants living in poverty - Land hunger was a major issue: many wanted more land - Workers in cities faced low wages, long hours, and unsafe factories - Social tension grew between the rich and the poor --- ## Industrial unrest - Factories brought crowded cities and harsh labor conditions - Strikes and protests became more common - Workers demanded better pay, shorter hours, and rights - Revolutionary ideas spread among urban workers --- ## War made everything worse - Russia entered **World War I** in 1914 - The army suffered huge losses and poor supplies - Food, fuel, and transport problems worsened at home - The Tsar was blamed for military failure and suffering --- ## The final spark - By 1917, anger had reached a breaking point - Bread shortages and strikes triggered mass protests - Soldiers refused to suppress the crowds - The Tsar abdicated, ending Romanov rule --- ## In summary | Cause | How it contributed | |---|---| | Autocracy | People had little political voice | | Poverty and inequality | Most Russians lived in hardship | | Industrial unrest | Workers protested poor conditions | | World War I | Defeats and shortages intensified anger | | Weak leadership | Nicholas II failed to solve the crisis | **Result:** Revolution became possible because many different groups were unhappy at the same time.
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